If the police stop a motor vehicle on minor infringements in order to investigate other suspected criminal activity, this is known as a pretextual stop. When police stop an automobile, this is known as a traffic stop. When police stop and search a pedestrian, this is commonly known as a stop and frisk. Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard than probable cause which is needed for arrest. Searches of persons boarding an airplane or entering a courthouse or other government building are generally permitted so long as the conduct does not exceed the extent necessary.A Terry stop in the United States allows the police to briefly detain a person based on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity. Under certain circumstances, pat-down search for weapons may be conducted without reasonable suspicion. The officer may also seize the objects during an otherwise legitimate pat-down search if by plain feel he reasonably believes it to be contraband. If, during a pat-down, the officer feels an object he reasonably suspects may be a weapon by its contour, the officer may reach for the object and remove it.
Objects obtained during a pat-down search should be immediately identifiable to be admissible evidence. Pat-down searches serve to ensure the officer’s safety, and thus, the conduct should not exceed what is necessary to serve that purpose. 2d 814 (2011), the court found that because the police lacked specific information about the vehicle passenger during a valid traffic stop, the police officer did not have reasonable suspicion that the passenger was armed and dangerous therefore the police officer was not justified in the pat-down search of the passenger. The reasonableness of suspicion is reviewed based on the totality of circumstances and both the subjective individual experience of the officer and the objective factors at the time would be taken into consideration. Pat-down searches, incident to an investigatory stops, are usually made without a warrant and justified if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the person being searched is armed and dangerous. A pat-down search constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment. A pat-down search is when a police officer pats down the outer surfaces of a person’s clothing in an attempt to find weapons.
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